Growing up in 20th century when diverse music styles had been developed, the works of Paul Hindemith (1895-1963) still keep the classic value. The multiple features of his music style come from profound foundation of music theory and a wide range of life experience. As a violinist, Hindemith also good at playing viola. He had premiered lots of significant works of 20th century. Among all the works of Hindemith, he composed a large amount of viola works, and brought the timbre of viola to most vividly. To violists, Hindemith is a crucial and important musician. This paper is the research and study of Paul Hindemith’s first viola work that he composed during experimental period, “Sonata for Viola and Piano, Op.11 No.4”. Through the general social situation of 20th century and the music development, the author makes a discussion of the biography of Hindemith, his music style and analysis of the music structure of Sonata for Viola and Piano, Op.11 No.4, expecting the interpretation of 20th century modern works in this paper could get close to Hindemith’s concepts of his creation.