This study on the trumpet concerto by Alexander Arutjunjan probes into its background of creation, the composer’s biography, the musical form and style. It aims to provide reference for music teachers, amateur and professional musicians alike. After an introduction to Arutjunjan’s life and the work’s genesis, aspects of musical form, structure and style, and then issues of performance and interpretation will be analyzed. Especially by comparative study of five recorded versions (Timofei Dokshitser, Maurice Murphy, Sergei Nakariakov, Arturo Sandoval and William Forman), questions of performance such as tempo, dynamics, playing technique and tone colors will be discussed. This research could benefit future players of this concerto, stimulate interest in Arutjunjan’s music, and also in other modern trumpet repertoire.