20th century is a transitional period of musical revolution, under twice significant reform and countless exploration, numerous branches had aroused, many composers and their compositions also appeared. After the collapse of Major and Minor in the early 20th century, Igor Stravinsky（1882-1971）stood out from the appearance of polytonality, atonality, twelve-note system and interval-association system. His “Symphony of Psalms” was a representative work of Neoclassicism, and brought out a new reaction in the musical tendency which was considerably experimental at that time.

The thesis is combined with four parts: first part is “The formation of Neoclassicism”, which would focus on classicalism on every phase of misical history since western music began to flourish, then moving to reaction which arouse form early 20th century, and introduce the formation of Stravinsky’s Neoclassicism. The second part “History of the Psalms”, would review literature such as the Old Testament in depth, exploring its categorization, its functions and development in each musical phases, and finally its connection and comparison with three psalms in “Symphony of Psalms.” The third part, Stravinsky’s “Symphony of Psalms” would probe into Stravinsky’s lifetime, then extend to this composition’s background concepts, for instance, creation background, musical form, compositional techniques, orchestral’s collocation, relationships between lyrics and music. The final part “Exploration on performing Stravinsky’s Symphony of Psalms”, would divide the composition into three movements, and thus illustrate arrangement and induction of analytical dimension of musical performance.